Percentage formulas
- X% of Y = X × Y ÷ 100
- X as a percent of Y = X ÷ Y × 100
- Percentage change = (New − Old) ÷ Old × 100
- Discounted price = Price × (1 − Discount ÷ 100)
Example: a salary increase from ₹40,000 to ₹46,000 is (46,000 − 40,000) ÷ 40,000 × 100 = 15%.